Modular Math: Subtraction

Subtraction

Welcome to Subtraction! This unique program stands out because it is both spiral and mastery and offers a solution that can be completely tailored to you. Unlike most math curricula that are all together in a yearly workbook with additional materials required, tests, and teacher's guides, Modular Math is an all-in-one program that is simple and completely open-and-go. Each unit is separated by topics that are addressed in a step-by-step approach so that you can place your student wherever they may be within that particular concept. There will be 13 units with 7 levels each (ranging from Foundations to Step 6). These units go through a rigorous testing process with a beta testing community to ensure that they are as clear and effective as possible. We want to think of everything so you don't have to!

Release Date: Available Now!

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These are the main books in print and you will need one per student. Each step lasts about 5 weeks and contains a grade equivalent of content related to that topic. Spiral review is built in to all our levels as we explore multiple operations.

$15 each

These are the digital Skill Builders that have three extra practice sheets. They can be used for additional practice, reinforcement of concepts, or even to fill in gaps while you wait for your books to come. They are an instant download.

$2.50 each

Subtraction Certificate

When you complete the unit, grab a certificate to celebrate your progress!

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Subtraction Scope and Sequence

Foundations

Module 1

Read and write symbols used in subtraction: - (minus) and = (equal)
Operation words for subtraction: minus, take away, subtract
Meaning of terms: minus and equation
Read and write horizontal subtraction equation: 1-1 = 0
Apply knowledge of taking away from 1 to word problems
Use picture cues to solve subtraction from 1
Use tactile cues to solve subraction from 1
Use concrete objects to model taking away from 1
Bible: generosity
Hebrews 13:16
Draw pictures to represent subraction from 1
Demonstrate understanding that taking 1 away from 1 leaves nothing (0)
Algebraic thinking: How many did we start with?

Module 2

Taking away from 2
Read, write, and solve equations taking away from 2
Use picture cues to solve subtraction from 2
Use tactile cues to solve subtraction from 2
Use concrete objects to model taking away from 2
Real-life applications of taking away
Bible: Luke 3:11
Kingdom principle
Apply knowledge of taking away from 2 to word problems
Draw pictures to represent subtraction from 2
Write the correct symbol to make a number sentence true

Module 3

Taking away from 3
Demonstrate understanding of the meaning of equation
Equations are balanced on both sides
Read, write, and solve equations taking away from 3
Use picture cues to solve subtraction from 3
Use concrete objects to model subtraction from 3
Bible: 2 Corinthians 9:7
Being a cheerful giver
Apply knowledge of taking away from 3 to word problems
Draw pictures to represent taking away from 3

Module 4

Taking away from 4
Read, write, and solve equations taking away from 4
Use picture cues to solve subtraction from 4
Use concrete objects to model subtraction from 4
Bible: Acts 20:35b
Having a heart for giving
Apply knowledge of taking away from 4 to word problems
Draw pictures to represent taking away from 4

Module 5

Taking away from 5
Read, write, and solve equations taking away from 5
Use picture cues to solve subtraction from 5
Use concrete objects to model subtraction from 5
Bible: 1 Samuel 17:40
David and Goliath
God is always with you
Apply knowledge of taking away from 5 to word problems
Draw pictures to represent taking away from 5

Module 6

Taking away from 6
Observing patterns: removing more means less left over
Read, write, and solve equations taking away from 6
Use picture cues to solve subtraction from 6
Use concrete objects to model subtraction from 6
Bible: Joshua in Jericho
Trusting and obeying God
Apply knowledge of taking away from 6 to word problems
Draw pictures to represent taking away from 6

Module 7

Taking away from 7
Creating visual aids to master subtraction facts
Real-life application: 7 days in a week
Read, write, and solve equations taking away from 7
Use picture cues to solve subtraction from 7
Use concrete objects to model subtraction from 7
Determining the meaning of symbols used in mathematical equations: minus and equals
Comparing the terms minus and subtraction
Bible: Joshua 6:15–16
Waiting on God's timing
Apply knowledge of taking away from 7 to word problems
Draw pictures to represent taking away from 7

Module 8

Taking away from 8
Real-life applications of taking away from 8: animals with 8 limbs
Read, write, and solve equations taking away from 8
Use picture cues to solve subtraction from 8
Use concrete objects to model subtraction from 8
Bible: God has a plan
You are unique and special
Apply knowledge of taking away from 8 to word problems
Draw pictures to represent taking away from 8

Module 9

Taking away from 9
Use kinesthetic learning techniques to master subtraction facts
Read, write, and solve equations taking away from 9
Number pairs to make 9
Use picture cues to solve subtraction from 9
Use a number line to subtract from 9
Use concrete objects to model subtraction from 9
Bible: James 1:2–3
Celebrating difficult things
Apply knowledge of taking away from 9 to word problems
Draw pictures to represent taking away from 9
Identifying correct subtraction equations

Module 10

Taking away from 10
Real-life applications of taking away from 10: fingers and toes
Read, write, and solve equations taking away from 10
Number pairs to make 10
Use picture cues to solve subtraction from 10
Use a tens frame to solve subtraction equations
Use concrete objects to model subtraction from 10
Bible: Luke 15:8–10
Everyone is valuable to God
Apply knowledge of taking away from 10 to word problems
Identifying correct subtraction equations

Step 1

Module 1

Introduction to subtraction
Math operations
Read, write, and understand symbols used in addition: - (minus) and = (equal)
Understand meaning of terms: number sentence, vertical equation, and subtraction
Label each part of subtraction equations
Rules of subtraction: the bigger number always comes first
Writing equations vertically
Read and write subtraction equations
Bible: John 1:29
Jesus came to take away your burdens
Find and correct errors in subtraction equations
Read equations with the correct terms aloud
Draw the correct symbols in subtraction equations
Solve subtraction problems

Module 2

Use different tools to help solve subtraction equations
Auditory, visual, and kinesthetic learning
Use a number line to solve subtraction problems
Real-life math application: counting days backward
Concept of infinity: arrows on a number line show that numbers go on forever
Apply knowledge of taking away to word problems
Bible: Philippians 3:13–14
Keep your eyes fixed on Jesus
Draw pictures to represent subtraction
Solve subtraction problems
Algebraic thinking: solving for a missing value
Find and correct errors in subtraction equations

Module 3

Finding the difference
Using a visual: what is different between images
Apply knowledge of taking away to word problems
Use picture cues to solve subtraction
Writing math equations vertically and horizontally
Use concrete objects to model subtraction
Determining how many more or less
Bible: Proverbs 27:17
God made everyone unique
Appreciating other people's differences
Fill in the missing part of number sentences
Observing patterns when taking away
Comparing numbers with greater than or less than
Symbols used in math: >, <

Module 4

Subtraction with multiple steps
Strategies for solving subtraction problems with two steps
Break one problem down into multiple equations
Real-life application of finding the difference
Use a number line to solve word problems
Use picture cues to solve two-step math problems
Use concrete objects to model subtraction
Bible: trusting in God
God's plans are good
Identify incorrect equations
Understanding relationships between numbers in equations
Inverse operations in a given set of numbers
Discovering relationships between numbers

Module 5

Different operations in math
Addition and subtraction are opposite operations
Fact families: relationships between numbers
Incorporating visual aids to solve fact-family equations
Using number sentences to explain fact families
Writing fact families as equations
Introducing parts of a whole
Real-life, part-whole application: slices in a pizza
Use picture cues to show parts of a whole
Use concrete objects to show parts of a whole
Bible: John 15:5
Adam and Eve
We are connected to Jesus
Using fact families to complete equations
Identifying incorrect fact-family number sentences

Module 6

Subtracting to the tens place
Review of place value: tens and ones
Spatial arrangement: Correctly forming two-digit vertical subtraction problems
When to write an equation vertically or horizontally
Use picture cues to subtract ten
Mental math with taking away
Rewriting subtraction equations in multiple
Tools to solve equations: Base Ten blocks
Bible: Matthew 6:34
Focus on today

Module 7

Subtracting with zero
Rules of math: anything minus zero will always stay the same
Math principle: zero means nothing
Visual cues: arrows and highlighting
Identifying correct and incorrect subtraction equations
Correcting incorrect equations
Place-value review
Value of zero
When to include a zero in math
Use visual tools to solve subtraction problems
Base ten blocks for taking away
Bible: Romans 8:38–39
Nothing can change God’s love for us
Applying knowledge of taking away to solve word problems
Using 10 more or 10 less
Drawing pictures to solve subtraction equations
Taking away 10 in two-step problems
Writing two-step problems

Module 8

Subtraction strategies: making ten strategy
Metacognition: How do you learn best?
Number combinations that make 10
Decomposing a ten
Use visual tools to solve subtraction equations
Use base ten blocks to increase understanding of taking away
Addition and subtraction are opposite operations
Utilizing tens frames to solve addition and subtraction problems
Bible: Romans 12:2
God renews and refreshes us
Fact families equaling 10
Applying knowledge of taking away to solve word problems
Real-life subtraction application: giving items away

Module 9

Mental math strategies
Doubles and near doubles
Using known facts to solve for the unknown
Understanding relationships between numbers
Adding 1 or subtracting 1 from a double
Following steps to solve a math equation
Use visual cues to add to or subtract from a near double
Drawing correct symbols to show plus or minus
Using mental math to solve subtraction problems
Concept of halves and doubles
Real-life application of doubles and near doubles
Applying knowledge of mental math strategies to solve word problems
Solve number sentences with double fact families
Determine if an answer will be larger or smaller
Explaining rationale for identifying correct and incorrect number sentences

Module 10

Subtraction strategy: counting backward
Mental math with counting backward
Visualizing math tools
Use kinesthetic strategies to count backward
Reviewing and implementing strategies to count back
Use mental math strategies to solve subtraction word problems
Write and solve number sentences
Bible: Matthew 28:19–20
Using context clues from word problems to write and solve equations
Determine the appropriate strategy to solve a problem
Read and solve equations by subtracting zero
Complete multistep equations
Use visuals to solve for the missing part of a whole

Step 2

Module 1

Introduction to subtraction
Math operations
Real-life math applications
Understand meaning of terms: subtraction, minuend, subtrahend, and difference
Read, write, and understand symbols used in addition: - (minus) and = (equal)
Writing equations vertically and horizontally
Spatial arrangement: Correctly forming two-digit vertical subtraction problems
Minuend is placed at the top of vertical problems
Review place value: tens and ones
Label each part of subtraction equations
Use picture cues to write and solve subtraction problems
Bible: Matthew 22:37b–40
God knows our heart
Use visual cues to match equations
Applying knowledge of taking away to solve word problems
Finding the difference
Identifying incorrect equations and correcting them
Observing relationships between numbers

Module 2

Subtraction to 100 without regrouping
Use a grid to organize place values
Following steps to solve subtraction problems to 100
Move from right to left
Using zero as a placeholder
Identifying incorrect 3-digit subtraction problems and solving them correctly
Visual strategies to implement while solving subtraction problems
Rewriting incorrectly formatted equations
Bible: Ephesians 2:10
You have a special place in God's kingdom
Review of place value
Applying knowledge of subtraction to verbally explain why problems are incorrect
Rewrite number sentences as vertical equations
Applying knowledge of subtraction without regrouping to solve word problems
Labeling the parts of a subtraction equation
Use picture representations to solve subtraction problems
Identifying unknown numbers by following context clues
Solving multistep, multi-operation math problems

Module 3

Subtraction with regrouping to ten
Self-assessment of your understanding of regrouping
Following steps to solve subtraction problems with regrouping to ten
Identify times when regrouping is needed
Values can be moved
Use visuals to solve subtraction problems with regrouping to ten
Verbally articulating the concept of regrouping
Bible: Psalm 37:21
Choosing to forgive
God sees injustices
Use base ten blocks to find the difference with regrouping to ten
Solve subtraction problems with regrouping to ten
Applying knowledge of subtraction with regrouping to solve word problems
Use greater than or less than symbols to compare subtraction equations

Module 4

Subtracting 10 and 100
Rules of subtraction: anything minus zero stays the same
Use visuals to solve subtraction problems with 100
Identifying digits that stay the same and change in minuends
Illustrating subtraction problems with blocks
Decomposing numbers with 10 and 100
Use mental math to solve subtraction problems
Utilize learned strategies to solve subtraction problems with 10 and 100: place value, order, and mental math
Bible: Romans 8:38–39
Nothing can separate us from the love of God
Identify relationships between numbers
Use rectangular arrays to solve subtraction problems with 10 and 100
Applying knowledge of subtraction of 10 and 100 to solve word problems
Apply problem-solving skills to answer multistep subtraction equations with 10 and 100

Module 5

Inverse operations: addition and subtraction
Math strategy: using addition to check subtraction
Compare the spatial arrangement of vertical addition and subtraction problems
Visual representation of a vertical equation
Identify connections and relationships between numbers
Rewriting subtraction problems as addition problems
Finding incorrect equations and rewriting them correctly
Write expressions using inverse operations to check your work
Bible: Proverbs 21:5
The importance of slowing down
Use visual tools to show relationships between numbers
Apply subtraction skills to solve codes and riddles
Solve word problems with subtraction skills

Module 6

Addition facts 11 to 15
Memorizing addition facts to support subtraction skills
Model ways to show connections between fact families
Increasing mental math fluency
Fact families from 11 to 15
Recognizing relationships between numbers
Use tools to increase understanding: flash cards and picture representations
Identify missing addends, minuends, and sums in fact family triangles
Write expressions using inverse operations
Composing and decomposing numbers in fact families
Subtraction strategy for taking away 9: take away 10 and add 1 back in
Bible: James 2:17
What we believe and do go hand in hand
Complete missing parts of a whole
Use inverse operations to find the difference
Solve fact-family addition and subtraction problems to complete a puzzle

Module 7

Subtraction word problems
Strategies for solving word problems: work step-by-step
Identifying important phrases in word problems
Knowing when to add or subtract in a word problem
Use highlighting and underlining as visual tools for solving word problems
Organize information in the correct sequence for solving
Bible: James 1:5
God will guide you to the solution when you have problems
Solve multistep subtraction word problems
Use mental math skills to solve subtraction problems
Apply learned strategies to solve subtraction problems taking away 9
Follow clues to solve place-value riddles
Write your own subtraction problem based on pictures

Module 8

Subtraction facts 16 to 20
Rules of subtraction: any number minus zero remains unchanged
Math strategies: using number pairs
Use number pairs to create fact families
Write number sentences to show relationships between numbers
Math tools: flash cards
Use timed drills to recall subtraction facts
Bible: Hebrews 12:11
We are rewarded when we do hard things
Apply knowledge of fact families to solve puzzles
Write addition and subtraction equations using fact-family numbers
Algebraic thinking: solve for missing portions of an equation
Apply knowledge of subtraction facts 16 to 20 to solve word problems

Module 9

Subtraction on a calculator
Operations a calculator can be used to solve
Identify the parts of a calculator: on, clear, digits, plus/add, minus/subtract, and equals
Compare different types of calculators
When to use a calculator
Real-life application: use a calculator to solve subtraction problems
Use a calculator to solve subtraction word problems
Math tools: abacus
Bible: Luke 14:28
Calculating the true cost of a decision
Increase mental math fluency
Solve subtraction equations using regrouping skills

Module 10

Subtraction with money without regrouping
Real-life applications of math: cooking, baking, shopping, sharing, driving, and comparing
Meaning of symbols: dollar sign ($) and decimal (.)
Steps to follow when solving subtraction problems with money
Format subtraction problems with money values
Identify incorrect equations and write them correctly
Verbally explain steps to solve a subtraction problem with money values
Visual strategies in math: color coding and columns
Find the difference in subtraction problems with money values
Use knowledge of subtracting with money to correctly answer word problems
Rewriting number sentences with money values as vertical equations
Bible: 2 Chronicles 20:17
Holding your position and letting God fight for you
Use mental math strategies to solve subtraction problems with money
Solve subtraction problems with money values to answer riddles

Step 3

Module 1

Math operation: subtraction
Understand meaning of terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference, and minus
Label each part of subtraction equations
Rules of subtraction: the order cannot be changed
Understand, define, and use the zero property
Understand, define, and use the identity property
Phrases that mean taking away
Identify incorrect subtraction equations and explain rationale
Setting up subtraction problems: vertical and horizontal
Bible: John 3:30
We must decrease for God to increase
Rewrite subtraction equations vertically and solve
Apply knowledge of subtraction skills to solve word problems

Module 2

Odd and even subtraction
Rules of odd and even numbers
Review place value
Determine whether subtraction equations will result in an odd or even difference
Create a subtraction equation that will result in an odd number
Create a subtraction equation that will result in an even number
Bible: Proverbs 11:2, Proverbs 12:22, Proverbs 15:1
Actions produce specific results
Sort numbers into odd and even categories
Apply knowledge of odd and even numbers to solve subtraction word problems
Use knowledge of the zero property and the identity property to solve subtraction equations
Complete multistep subtraction puzzles

Module 3

Regrouping within 100
Understand different terms for regrouping: borrowing and stealing
Know when regrouping is necessary
Follow steps to solve subtraction problems requiring regrouping within 100
Use visual aids to solve subtraction problems with regrouping within 100
Tools for subtraction: base ten blocks
Bible: Proverbs 22:7
Saving money vs. borrowing money
Identify subtraction equations that require regrouping
Apply regrouping skills to solve subtraction word problems
Use inverse operations to check your work
Review expressions with even and odd answers
Relationships between addition and subtraction

Module 4

Regrouping within 1,000
Place value: thousands
Follow steps to solve subtraction problems requiring regrouping within 1,000
Use visual aids to solve subtraction problems with regrouping within 1,000
Tools for subtraction: Base Ten blocks
Solve subtraction equations using regrouping within 1,000
Design a subtraction problem based on a real-life math application
Bible: Philippians 4:19, Exodus 16, Matthew 14:13–21, Ephesians 3:20–21
God provides for all of our needs
Identify subtraction equations that require regrouping within 1,000
Utilize base ten blocks to solve subtraction problems with regrouping within 1,000
Apply knowledge of regrouping within 1,000 to solve word problems
Identify errors in subtraction problems and correct them
Use regrouping skills to solve subtraction equations + puzzles

Module 5

Regrouping across multiple numbers
Use base ten blocks to visualize regrouping
Follow steps for solving subtraction problems with regrouping across multiple numbers
Place value: ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands
Demonstrate understanding of when, how, and from where to borrow
Bible: Luke 6:38, 2 Corinthians 9:6, 2 Corinthians 9:7
Giving generously
Regroup to solve multi-digit subtraction problems
Use regrouping to find the difference
Apply knowledge of regrouping across multiple numbers to solve subtraction word problems
Solve logic puzzles using math skills
Mental math review
Write subtraction word problems based off a picture

Module 6

Estimating and rounding
Real-life math examples: counting days, money, distance, and measurement
Determining which way to round
Rounding as a tool to estimate the answer to subtraction equations
Rounding to different place values: tens, hundreds, and thousands
Visual strategies in math: highlighting
Apply learned skills to round 2-, 3-, and 4- digit numbers
Identify and correct errors in subtraction problems using rounding
Find estimated differences using rounding and mental math
Apply knowledge of rounding to estimate answers to subtraction word problems
Bible: James 1:5
Prayer is a tool to help make decisions
God gives wisdom and guidance
Review of odd and even subtraction differences
Write horizontal subtraction equations with the zero property and identity property
Find the difference to solve math riddles

Module 7

Subtracting money
Incorporate symbols in subtraction equations: dollar ($) and decimal (.)
Subtracting money using regrouping
Rewrite horizontal subtraction problems as vertical equations
Placement of decimal points
Identify incorrect subtraction equations using money values and explain why
Solve subtraction problems with money using borrowing and regrouping
Apply knowledge of subtracting with money values to solve word problems
Bible: Luke 12:6–7
Even the smallest things have great purpose to God
Correct incorrect subtraction problems
Use regrouping skills to find the difference
Observe relationships between numbers
Round to the nearest hundred to estimate subtraction differences

Module 8

Subtracting on a number line
Visual tools for solving subtraction problems: number lines
Decomposing subtrahend into expanded form
Use a number line to solve subtraction word problems
Bible: John 16:13
The Holy Spirit and the gift of discernment
Write given numbers in expanded form
Compare values with greater than or less than
Use a number line to find the difference
Label the parts of a subtraction equation
Solve subtraction equations with regrouping skills
Estimate the difference using rounding

Module 9

Solving for the unknown
Algebraic principles
Solving for a missing subtrahend and minuend
Rewrite subtraction equations with unknown values to solve for the missing number
Apply knowledge of solving for the unknown to solve subtraction word problems
Round to solve for estimated unknown values
Create your own equation with an unknown value
Bible: Philippians 1:6
God is working in your life
Identify which operation to use in equations
Rewrite horizontal number sentences as vertical equations
Compare values with greater than or less than
Solve for unknown value to complete number puzzles

Module 10

Subtracting multiple numbers
Label and solve equations with multiple subtrahends
Strategies for solving subtraction problems with multiple numbers: listing subtrahends, adding before subtracting, break apart
Rewrite horizontal subtraction equations as vertical problems
Write numbers in expanded form
Apply knowledge of subtracting multiple numbers to solve word problems
Bible: Matthew 18:21–22
Importance of forgiveness
Correctly solve subtraction problems with multiple subtrahends by regrouping
Visual tools in math: highlighting
Use number lines to solve subtraction equations with multiple numbers
Review rounding to the nearest ten to solve for the unknown

Step 4

Module 1

Subtraction vs. addition
Subtraction and addition are inverse operations
Observe connections between numbers
Compare similarities and differences of addition and subtraction
Identify, define, and use the commutative property of subtraction
Identify, define, and use the associative property of addition
Label each part of a subtraction equation and solve
Find the sum of multi-digit number addition problems
Find the difference of multi-digit subtraction problems
Check and assess your work with an inverse operation
Bible: Genesis 25, Genesis 25:19–34
Jacob, Esau, Isaac, and Rebekah
See the beauty in differences
A number added to its inverse results in zero
Apply knowledge of the commutative and associative properties to identify and correct number sentences
Give examples of the rules of odd and even numbers in subtracting
Use knowledge of relationships between numbers to write and solve math puzzles
Solve word problems using subtraction and addition skills

Module 2

Subtraction to 100,000
Review: how to regroup
Rewrite subtraction equations and solve for the difference
Use regrouping skills to write and solve subtraction equations to 100,000 place
Identify incorrect equations and correct the mistakes
Apply knowledge of subtracting to 100,000 to solve subtraction word problems
Real-life math application
Bible: being a good neighbor
Leviticus 19:18, Luke 6:31, Romans 12:10
Round to the nearest hundred to find the difference
Compare sets of equations using a greater than or less than symbol
Determine equations that show the properties of subtraction
Review: even and odd numbers
Review: greater than or less than to compare subtraction equations

Module 3

Subtract decimals
Decimals separate the whole and parts of a whole
Accurately line up subtraction equations with decimals
Follow steps to solve subtraction problems with decimals
Write, line up, and solve subtraction problems with decimals
Distinguish correct subtraction equations with decimals from incorrect equations
Explain rationale
Borrow and regroup to solve subtraction equations with decimals
Rewrite horizontal subtraction problems with decimals in a vertical arrangement
Apply knowledge of subtracting decimals to solve word problems
Real-life examples of subtracting decimals: running times
Bible: Proverbs 4, Proverbs 4:26–27
Follow God's path
Construct number sentences using given sets of numbers
Review: inverse property, identity property, zero property
Use knowledge of place value to solve for a mystery number

Module 4

Subtract money
Label the parts of a money equation
Symbols in money equations: dollar sign ($) and decimal (.)
Numbers stand for specific quantities
Follow steps to solve subtraction problems with money values
Correctly write and solve money equations by subtracting
Real-life application: spending money
Apply knowledge of subtracting money to solve word problems with subtracting money
Bible: Proverbs 21:5
How to be wise with money
Review: round to the nearest thousand to estimate the difference
Identify examples of the associative property
Solve multi-digit subtraction problems with regrouping to complete math riddles

Module 5

Subtract time (minutes)
Compare subtraction in base ten system and time
Follow steps to complete subtraction problems with time intervals
Conversions: 60 minutes equals one hour
Time in hours and minutes
Use regrouping to solve subtraction equations with time intervals
Real-life application: measure periods of time
Apply knowledge of subtracting time to solve word problems
Bible: Martha and Mary
Luke 10:38–42
Choose to spend time with God
Subtract 15- and 30-minute intervals from given times
Solve subtraction problems with money values and decimals
Review mental math addition and subtraction to solve math puzzles

Module 6

Subtract time (hours)
12-hour clocks
Strategies to regroup subtraction problems with time: borrow and count up
Separate times into hour and minute intervals
Follow steps to subtract times
Read and use clocks to solve problems with subtracting time
Bible: God is the author of time
Jeremiah 29:11, Genesis 1:1, Revelation 22:13
Subtract 45- and 90-minute intervals from given times
Apply learned strategies to solve subtraction problems with time intervals
Solve subtraction word problems with time intervals
Real-life application: subtracting time
Find the difference in multi-digit subtraction problems with regrouping
Design and solve a word problem about subtracting time

Module 7

Subtracting with Roman numerals
Apply subtraction skills to different scenarios
Decompose Roman numerals
Use expanded form to solve subtraction problems with Roman numerals
Write the answer in the same format as the question
Identify and use Roman numerals to solve vertical subtraction equations
Apply knowledge of Roman numerals to solve word problems
Bible: symbols of God's goodness
Joshua 4:5–7
Write numbers in Roman numeral form
Subtract to find the difference and write as Roman numerals
Use greater than or less than symbols to compare Roman numerals
Review: solve subtraction equations with time and money

Module 8

Subtracting mixed integers
Introduction of negative numbers
Negative numbers are the inverse of positive numbers
Rules for subtracting with negative numbers
Visual tools in subtraction: number lines
Use number lines to solve subtraction problems with mixed integers
Write equations from number lines
Symbols in subtraction: minus/negative (-) and parentheses ( )
Real-life application of mixed integers: temperatures
Bible: Romans 12:17
Respond honorably and forgive like Jesus
Apply knowledge of subtracting with mixed integers to solve word problems
Write Roman numerals in expanded form and subtract to find the difference
Correctly solve subtraction equations with time and money values
Identify and correct incorrect subtraction equations with mixed integers

Module 9

Subtracting negative numbers
Two negative numbers often cancel each other
Use a number line to solve subtraction equations with negative numbers
Rewrite subtraction equations as addition equations
Understand relationships between positive and negative numbers
Verbally convey new knowledge
Real-life application of subtracting negative numbers: temperature change and reading a thermometer
Apply knowledge of subtracting negative numbers to solve word problems
Bible: Romans 8:28
God works all things for good
Identify and correct incorrect subtraction equations
Write horizontal subtraction equations with decimals in vertical arrangement
Find the difference in multi-digit subtraction problems
Subtract Roman numerals by using expanded form
Use knowledge of subtracting negative numbers to solve math puzzles

Module 10

Mental math strategies
Strategies to solve problems: visualizing, making 10, counting up, breaking apart
Create flash cards to increase mental math fluency
Use a number line and the visualizing strategy to solve subtraction problems
Solve subtraction equations using the making-10 strategy
Implement the counting-up strategy to find the difference
Utilize the breaking-apart strategy to solve subtraction problems
Self-assessment: Which strategy works best for you?
Bible: Psalm 119:11
Memorizing scripture helps you make decisions
Review subtraction skills to solve word problems with money values
Subtract hours and minutes
Apply knowledge of subtraction and Roman numerals to solve math riddles

Step 5

Module 1

Real-world subtraction
Identify terms used in subtraction
Relationships between numbers: inverse operations
Follow steps to solve subtraction equations
Correctly solve subtraction equations with money and time values
Use an inverse operation to check your work
Bible: Hebrews 5:12
Make time for the basics in life
Apply learned skills to solve subtraction word problems with regrouping
Rewrite horizontal subtraction equations as vertical arrangements
Use subtraction skills to find the difference

Module 2

Subtracting time (24 hours)
Identify terms when subtracting time: standard and military time
How and when to convert time between 24- and 12-hour clocks with addition or subtraction
Solve word problems with time values
Bible: Joshua 10
God can help you manage your time
Add and subtract 12 hours to given times
Real-life applications of subtracting time
Compare subtraction differences with symbols: >, <, =
Use mental math to write time in hours and minutes

Module 3

Subtracting fractions
Subtracting parts of a whole
Read, write, and understand meaning of fractions
Meaning of terms: denominator and numerator
Identify fractions with like denominators
Subtract and reduce fractions
Use visuals to represent subtracting parts of a whole
Understand and apply the rules for subtracting fractions
Bible: 2 Corinthians 6:14
Surround yourself with people who will help you grow in your relationship with God
Real-life applications of subtracting fractions
Convert given times to standard or military time
Apply knowledge of subtracting time and money to solve word problems

Module 4

Subtracting decimals
Base 10 number system
Follow steps to subtract numbers with decimals
Use regrouping to find the difference with decimals
Read, write, and solve subtraction problems with decimals
Apply knowledge of decimals to solve word problems
Bible: 2 Corinthians 12:9
God's power can make us whole
Create equations to show relationships between numbers with decimals
Apply subtraction skills to solve problems with fractions, time, and money values

Module 5

Subtracting fractions
Steps for subtracting fractions with unlike denominators
Convert to and understand equivalent fractions
Subtract and reduce fractions
Read, write, and solve subtraction problems with fractions
Apply knowledge of subtracting fractions to word problems
Real-life application of subtracting fractions: measurement
Bible: James 2:1
Treat and love people equally
Use the least common multiple to identify common denominators
Compare sets of fractions
Apply knowledge of subtracting decimals and time to solve word problems

Module 6

Algebraic subtraction
Concept of variables in algebra
Steps for solving algebraic subtraction problems
Concept of isolating the variable
Read, write, solve, and check algebraic subtraction equations
Apply knowledge of algebraic subtraction to solve word problems and math puzzles
Bible: Daniel 2:22
Ask God to help isolate the root of issues
Identify incorrect algebraic subtraction equations
Create equivalent fractions
Use knowledge of subtracting with fractions to solve word problems

Module 7

Subtracting mixed numbers and improper fractions
Convert mixed numbers to improper fractions
Read, write, and solve subtraction problems with mixed numbers
Convert improper fractions to mixed or whole numbers
Find the least common multiple
Convert given fractions to equivalent fractions
Reduce fractions
Bible: Isaiah 55:8–9
Ask God to help us see things from a different angle
Apply knowledge of subtracting mixed numbers to word problems
Use mental math to solve subtraction problems with mixed numbers

Module 8

Subtracting percentages
Percentages: a way of representing a part of a whole
Use the properties of subtraction, multiplication, algebraic subtraction, and subtracting fractions to subtract percentages
Solve for the unknown in subtracting percentages
Apply knowledge of subtracting percentages to word problems
Real-world applications of subtracting percentages
Convert percentages to decimals
Find the values of percentages of whole numbers
Bible: Matthew 22:21
God's perspective on paying taxes
Use mental math to solve subtraction problems with percentages, decimals, and fractions
Create and solve a math problem using subtraction of fractions

Module 9

Subtracting time on a clock with colons
Read, write, and solve subtraction problems using colons
Regroup seconds to minutes and minutes to hours
Apply subtracting time on a clock to word problems
Demonstrate understanding of elapsed time
Bible: Psalm 90:12
Time is a precious resource
Review of converting and finding percentages
Use subtraction skills to solve subtraction problems with fractions and decimals

Module 10

Subtracting beyond zero
Real-life examples of negative numbers: temperatures and money
Use a number line to solve subtraction problems with negative numbers
Read, write, and solve subtraction problems with negative numbers
Apply knowledge of subtracting beyond zero to solve word problems and puzzles
Solve algebraic subtraction problems with negative numbers
Identify relationships between numbers
Bible: Psalm 103:12
Our sins are canceled by the blood of Jesus
God can make us whole
Review of subtracting time (minutes and seconds), decimals, and fractions
Compare subtraction equations with greater than, less than, or equal to symbols

Step 6

Module 1

Subtracting like exponents
Review meaning of terms: coefficient, base, and exponent
Rule for subtracting exponents: only subtract coefficients that have the same base and same exponent
Use rule to determine pairs where coefficients can be subtracted
Find the difference by subtracting like exponents
Label each part of an exponent expression
Simplify expressions with exponents by combining like terms
Bible: John 15:5
Jesus is the vine, and believers are the branches
Use the parts of an exponent to compose an expression
Apply knowledge of subtracting like exponents to word problems
Solve for the power
Observe the relationship between multiplication and exponents
Algebraic subtraction: isolate the variable to solve subtraction equations
Solve subtraction problems to answer math riddles

Module 2

Subtracting exponents with different bases
Identify exponent expressions that can be solved
Follow steps to solve equations with exponents
Solve for exponents and expressions
Explain why an equation with exponents can or cannot be solved or simplified
Bible: Paul (Saul)
Finding common ground allows people with differences to work together
Use the parts of an exponent to compose an equation and solve
Apply knowledge of subtracting exponents to word problems
Simplify expressions with exponents
Compare exponents by using greater than, less than, or equal to symbols
Review: subtracting fractions

Module 3

Subtracting negative fractions
Rules for subtracting negative numbers: two negatives always make a positive
Match pairs of equivalent fractions
Convert mixed numbers to improper fractions
Convert improper fractions to mixed numbers
Understand the relationship between addition and subtraction
Solve subtraction equations with unlike denominators
Apply knowledge of subtracting negative numbers to solve word problems
Bible: Romans 3:23, Romans 6:23
The blood of Jesus erases the debt of sin
Review: solving equations with exponential values, fractions, percentages, and decimals

Module 4

Subtracting negative exponents
Steps for solving subtraction problems with negative exponents
Meaning of terms: reciprocal, equivalent fraction, and difference
Write the reciprocal of negative exponents
Read, write, and solve subtraction equations with negative exponents
Simplify fractions
Bible: Matthew 5:17
Jesus came to fulfill the law
Jesus' sacrifice was the positive to our negative sin
Rewrite subtraction equations with fractions as addition problems
Combine like terms
Apply knowledge of subtracting exponents to solve word problems
Review: subtracting time

Module 5

Subtracting scientific notation
Write and solve scientific notation subtraction problems
Convert numbers from scientific notation to standard form
Convert numbers from standard form to scientific notation
Working with different exponents
Rules for writing numbers in scientific notation
Apply knowledge of subtracting scientific notation to word problems
Bible: Psalm 147:4 and Psalm 147:5
God created and named all of the stars
Use learned skills to solve math riddles
Observe relationships between different numbers

Module 6

Subtracting area
Calculating the area of squares and rectangles
Determine the area of geometric figures
Read, write, and use abbreviations for measurement
Subtract the area to find the difference
Apply knowledge of subtracting area to solve word problems
Real-life application: home improvement projects
Create and solve equations and word problems with subtracting area
Bible: make space for God in your heart
Review: convert numbers between scientific notation and standard form
Subtract and compare numbers with exponents

Module 7

Subtracting ratios
Real-life examples of using ratios
Rule for subtracting ratios
Convert ratios to fractions
Convert fractions to ratios
Find the difference between ratios
Understand and express relationships between numbers
Reduce fractions and ratios to the simplest form
Create equivalent fractions
Apply knowledge of subtracting ratios to word problems
Bible: 2 Corinthians 10:12, 1 Samuel 16:7
Embrace the gifts God has given to you
Use your gifts well
Comparing yourself to others is unwise
Solve subtraction problems with scientific notation, negative fractions, and area measurements

Module 8

Subtracting polynomials
Understand meaning of terms: coefficient, base, exponent, and polynomial
Rules for subtracting polynomials
Combine like terms to simplify polynomials
Visual strategies in math: highlighting
How and when to change signs in subtraction problems with polynomials
Identify correctly simplified polynomial expressions
Bible: Matthew 22
Put God first and love others second
Apply knowledge of subtracting polynomials to solve word problems
Find the difference in problems with ratios, exponents, and fractions
Review of mental math skills

Module 9

Subtracting with absolute value
Define an absolute value
Compare absolute values with greater than, less than, or equal to symbols
Find absolute values and subtract
Solve multiple-step equations using the order of operations
Algebraic principles: isolate the variable and solve for the unknown
Apply knowledge of subtracting with absolute values and ratios to solve word problems
Bible: Psalm 103:12
God's love is unwavering
Simplify expressions with exponents
Review: convert to and from military time

Module 10

Base 2 subtraction
Base 2: number system used in RGB color coding
Terms used in base 2: binary and bits
Rules for base 2 subtraction
Compare base 10 and base 2 subtraction
Steps to subtract using base 2 system
Use base 10 addition to check base 2 subtraction
Subtract binary equations
Understand the relationship between base 10 and base 2 system
Convert between base 2 and base 10 (standard form)
Steps for solving base 2 subtraction equations requiring regrouping
Bible: Psalm 139:12
God is the creator of light
Darkness will never overwhelm God
Find the difference in subtraction problems with exponents, negative fractions, scientific notation, and absolute values

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